Online game advertising will become the company built a new profit point of a grand investment should be strengthened

 News Background
recently, a source said the grand, overall platform strategy for the company to consider investing a grand curve has been a focus on the online advertising business, the company built. And the company recently has begun to frequent contact with domestic online game developer and operator, and the former president Michael served as Vice President of EA China.
Analysys of
from the online game market development status and trends, market competition, subscribers, advertising effectiveness, etc. side, a grand game advertising network should increase investment, to develop new profit point.
network game after experiencing rapid development into the stable growth stage. According to Analysys study found that income in 2006 was China's Internet game market was 71.3 billion yuan, an increase of 27%, while the growth rate in 2004 and 2005 were as high as 90% and 56%. the grand 2006 online game revenues 1.543 billion yuan, down 7.0% over 2005. and in In 2005, Shanda will be the first From the user scale growth rate in 2006 was the growth rate of online game users declined 23% in 2006, while 2004 and 2005, growth rates were 61% and 47%. If the game alone to attract customers, the effect is limited. So grand and the game should have similar characteristics users of consumer cross-sector cooperation will become consumers of other industries game users.
size from the user perspective, a grand gathering of game players to form an important need of advertising .2006 mm audience one of the conditions in the fourth quarter, the grand has reached 4.25 million active users. From the perspective of advertisers, users scale the game, some advertisers see this platform to bring business value, they actively working with major game operators try to cooperate.
from the advertising effect, the online games advertising is the player's gaming experience with the ad closely, it can reduce the player's aversion to advertising is beneficial to enhance advertising effectiveness. Advertisers can pay to make their brand appear in the game billboards in the background, track guards, stadium walls, the scene more and more use of advertising. These ads have a dual task mm only enriched the virtual gaming world, also provides opportunities for direct advertising.
Analysys recommended
for a grand:
1 from the competition in the market, the main competitor NINETOWNS, Tencent, long tours have been and Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Wahaha and other companies to carry out Advertisements, also received good results, the grand should be positive action to avoid loss of market opportunities.
2 grand should be taken to combine the various forms of games and advertising, to meet the different needs of advertisers. In addition to including the embedded ads , it can also develop games and other forms of advertising combined, as by the attractiveness of the game itself and influence to promote the role of the game's product marketing, advertising, game advertising via the Web, television, print media and other media releases.
3 concerns the characteristics of the player and the online behavior changes, and tap the potential consumer demand. Although gamers are mainly young people, is the beverage, food, fashion and sports brands of digital products, the largest consumer group. However, due to the network with China game nearly 10 years of development and market cultivation, the structure of China's online game players have changed dramatically, from a single 18-23 years old 15-30 years of age the young players to the progressive development of youth and adult players, some players from the original money gradual change in the state have time to have less money for the state of the time. big players may be concerned about IT, automotive and other industries of the potential demand.
4 games to strengthen management, develop more healthy game and reduce the network game the negative effects in society, in order to create a good advertising media environment.

JP left the game with the Bangladeshi non- teacher women blew chat , really JP

 Very very very happy , these days I should be the happiest day of the year . not only because of the CJ mobile booth to see my favorite non- Bangladeshi teacher has kept happy , I wanted to go to the Bangladeshi non- teachers The QQ, last night also, and he talked for a long time , although the Bangladeshi non- teachers want to participate if you're the earlier wishes did not materialize, but Bangladesh has also been non- teachers to encourage and support, which made ​​me once again recognized Himself, although he was 31 years old , but for true love , Prince Charming for the future , I will always adhere to , has been waiting for my man to show , how the women left , left women was the result of , not because today's Prince Charming little .
I Meng photographs of non- teacher , I really hope the person next to me .
then ~ ~ ~ Hey ~ ~ ~ Well you want to see the chat history , table envy oh, only Lets you see the contents of the QQ, Meng you non- teachers do not even think

Feel the pulse of the fate of Chinese 3G

 3G brings not only the evolution of technology and services to the rich, more importantly, industry structure and changing rules of the game. In a time upcoming 3G era, how to build a strong industrial chain, and instigated the competition between the industrial chain is interest groups faced new challenges mm
feel the pulse of the fate of
3G text / in Puritanism
3G, third generation mobile communication means, with respect to voice services, nowadays mainly second-generation mobile communications, It is based on data services as the core network services. to its essence, it represents an era of mobile Internet, marking the Internet from a network of computer networks are turning to mobile phones.
a coming new era of communications!
the key that opens this age is composed of four letters of an English word mmCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) mm third-generation mobile communication systems technology base. Without this basis, 3G the goalkeeper unable to open.
In fact, that the key to open the door to 3G has three: WCDMA (Europe), CDMA2000 (Qualcomm), TD-SCDMA (China). In China, because I hope for their own TD-SCDMA standard has won more tests and improve the time and gives the operator more time to repay the loan owed the purchase of equipment, taking into account the various interests, China has been slow to release 3G licenses. but we can not block or delay this as a reason 3G the process of China.
into 2007, China Telecom has set up mobile operations, early deployment of mobile business solutions, and expand the provincial company in the country; China Netcom has also long been a rainy day, the establishment of the relevant mobile operators mobile sector industrial research, Netcom in 21 provinces under the Southern Province is planning to build 15 mobile communications division set up for the meet to prepare for 3G; China Unicom is the original with the G network and C network marketing apart, split China Unicom two networks, marketing departments and personnel; China Mobile Guangdong has begun and the Guangdong Suning in joint marketing, new business experience, high-end customers in areas such as resource sharing closely Suning, and China Mobile in Guangdong is the first comprehensive regional cooperation, the two giants behind the alliance is aimed at the future 3G value-added services attractive cake hh
every indication that, 3G prelude to war.
previous December 4, 2006, known as the international telecommunications community, Industry experts acceptance.
experienced after long speculation and waiting, this time, we can finally determined, the message is really mm3G be issued a license.
3G lifted the veil
3G, we common people off losers? do not understand the 3G era is the most frequently asked topic. but it does not matter, telecom heavyweights have begun to warm us from different angles to make a detailed picture of:
Age is an always-on wireless world, is a video of the world. Our technology and strategy is to keep you connected, from the home of the WIFI connection to the street network, and then converted to the office of the fixed-line connection line in the middle without interrupting or missing any data. the child's whereabouts, if they do not miss the school bus or to the terminal before fleeing out of the car, the parents will immediately be reminded of the phone; You can also phone the parents are kept informed of the physical distance information, and even the family refrigerator storage conditions of food .
in the global telecom bigwigs to prove that the world is becoming smaller, more warmth. They believe, 3G era temptation enough for them to lead in the mobile network era 2.6 billion mobile phone users worldwide rush to the Internet, to enjoy a seamless digital life.
Nowadays, China's third generation mobile communication network construction has come a long reserve on stage to greet the dawn. from the device manufacturer's research and development and production, to mobile operators construction and operation, to the end-user application and approval, 3G industry chain is emerging, 3G licenses will be issued quickly in the past few years pulling hundreds of billions of investment, new applications, new business models, new marketing channels, many new opportunities are waiting for development.
from the interlocking chain look, 3G era for the Chinese information industry chain, all interest groups to bring a new opportunity for development, but it also brings a full range impact. They, can get the chance?
the fate of the Chinese 3G standard four considerations
fierce battle with the application software

consider the situation in the 3G technology, standards, undoubtedly the greatest battle cake, who first with standard, will have a competitive initiative. in the WCDMA (Europe), CDMA2000 (Qualcomm), TD-SCDMA (China) which opened three key 3G standards war era, from the beginning free competition to the final development of oligopolistic competition will be the inevitable 3G.
Therefore, China with independent intellectual property whether TD-SCDMA 3G technology standards in place to seize the hegemony of much attention. and with WCDMA, CDMA2000 This compared with two keys, TD-SCDMA communication quality is poor.
the other hand, the current 2G GSM mobile network has reached 2100 style terminals, 3G standard WCDMA terminal models also have 400 kinds, TD-SCDMA twenty support several terminal is obviously very difficult future operational needs.
So, TD-SCDMA will face a severe test.
and in the application software, from operators and equipment manufacturers point of view, if you can not solve the user to browse or intervention system and the convenience of fast, 3G mobile phones will be illusory. Today, there are 449 million mobile subscribers each month, more than 5.5 million mobile phone users. Obviously, in helping service providers meet these challenges, the software will play a critical effect, the software companies will usher in more development opportunities.
can be expected, 3G mobile phone operating system, the dispute will be the software vendor will be the focus of contention, but also the development of competition will be open to the monopolistic competition. Therefore, in the 3G phone software will be the scene of repeated fighting computer software.
measures judged
people today believe that the delay in Chinese 3G licenses issued in the -SCDMA is to promote the value of the rapid prosperity of the whole industrial chain, especially in China's enterprises in the software, chips, integrated circuits and other areas of the right to speak.
Although TD-SCDMA is still a need to continue polishing the keys, but any technology development has a process, just like the original GSM and CDMA first entered China, also facing difficulties, over time business, all problems will be solved. The key is to do, rather than wait and rely on technology are in practice continue to make progress.
of 3G phones, undoubtedly the most critical operating system software and browser, because the operating system and browser determine the user's experience after the purchase and brand loyalty. Currently, the mobile browser device is the largest technical barriers, the use of browser users is simply to retrieve the content, reading content, but because Web pages are great for computer screen display designed for mobile phones in the small screen can only display a specific period of time The one-tenth or even a few percent of the content. who can first solve the problem, who will occupy the commanding heights of mobile browser.
Wap gradually die, SP providers consider the situation turn Web

3G era adversely affected by the industry can now be foreseen at least two: one is mobile voice services face in fear for life and death; the other is the gradual demise of Wap site, SP (content provider) Web site shift.
future的 3G era is a telecom operators will have in technology, end products and services will invest heavily to differentiate their strategies to compete for a large number of customers online and offline.
China Mobile and China Unicom's annual financial report that is currently focusing too much on traditional voice weak growth performance of the business has made the issue more prominent.
Although the formal commercial 3G after a very long time, 3G and the current 2G voice services will co-exist and complement each other. But our 3G users will be close to 2 in 2010 billion, in this sense, the current mobile phone based solely on traditional voice services will be like a few years ago in the paging industry gradually fade out as the public eye.
but when it comes to SP, it is often linked and Wap site, as if SP is Wap patent. Essentially, SP provides value-added services, Wap provide the means (channels). like you are selling food to passengers, he likes to take the train to the train station you have to sell, he would sit car you get the bus to sell, your meal can always sell. sell rice is the purpose, rather than to the bus station or train station as a goal. And, the first SP is through Web sites, such as Sina Web portals such as via text message. but to the 3G era, Wap Web can do the same can be done. So, in Wap site was quickly flooded after wave of 3G, SP Web site to become an inevitable shift.
other In 3G era, they will feel a lot of SP providers deeper dazed and confused.
video services, should be the new 3G bring the greatest piece of cake, but the future of wireless video, SP providers who encounter more trouble. Currently, wireless network video management is redoubling its efforts to advance the next SP should be sent to the CCTV video of the broadcast control platform, content review no problem to put telecom operators customize the program on the network and distribution.
SP embarrassing shortage of video content will start with the 3G market, which has become increasingly evident. Now the larger video production companies do not own the copyright to share out with the SP, but to buy SP, So in 3G market has not started when a large-scale, SP has not the power to buy enough of the contents of the copyright.
in real-time communications to Tencent and MSN as the representative of SP will also be carriers suppressed. telecoms operators have huge resources of mobile phone users, in order to promote their instant messaging products, operators will certainly take some strategies to make these resources into their own mobile phone users instant messaging users. Although SP insiders believe that, even if the carriers rely on their own resources to play in a certain time, the accumulation of a considerable part of the user, but the traditional instant messaging users, make them abandon the existing instant messaging software is not easy. may in the long run, the operator into the instant messaging the impact of the SP field is huge, real-time communications will change the market structure, ushered in a new round of reshuffle.
measures judged
for mobile voice services and the demise of Wap site is the inevitable development of the times, whom there is no need to come up with countermeasures to resist.
As for the SP in the 3G era loss and confusion, in addition to compliance with the relevant departments in the wireless network video management, it should be to strengthen the original video content to reduce the dependence of film and television production company , or should a new channel of innovation platform or pathway, to cooperate with telecom operators and competition.
recommendations to the SP
operators around the key business promotion business content design and development, make full use of operators provide opportunities for cooperation and customer base of resources, development and growth of their own strength;
and operators of regional companies, the leading regional market. because operators around the access and billing is determined whether the SP The key areas to benefit, so with branches all over the co-operators, and to maintain good relations, is critical for SP;
used to promote industrial cooperation and promotion opportunities, play their own brand of competitive products; < br> with existing high-quality service providers, a variety of ways to expand production capacity, in a limited product life cycle, increased product coverage;
cooperation with the terminal manufacturers, the SP features outstanding or embedded directly into a business mobile phone application interface, this type of mobile phone users can increase the loyalty of the SP business, increase business usage.
3G operators were forced to battle for the market is opened quietly.
3G era from the point of view the global telecom operators, 3G era with different forms of a large number of new operators into the mobile communications market, the market competition becomes more fully. the new operators into three types, the first national fixed network operator or other operators to get 3G license into the market. The second entry of foreign operators, such as Hutchison Whampoa into the United Kingdom, Italy and other markets. III Mobile Virtual operators in the 3G market, increasing the number of mobile virtual operators to obtain 3G licenses have four operators, mobile virtual operators to obtain licenses as many as 7.
the face of increasingly intense competition, the Chinese telecom operators rely on to settle down in the 3G market? how to break the world struggling in the profitability of the edge of 3G predicament?
in 3G, because a lot of business can be implemented in the 2G or 2.5G, telecom operators have to play the role is integrated information service providers. looking for copyright protection, mobile streaming, mobile TV, mobile instant messaging, POC, remote monitoring, video codec, RFID, and other high-end vector characters. At present the application of these nine promote product development and market conditions are different, really blew it seems the killer application of 3G is still uncertain.
In addition, the current between the large telecommunications users and has not been fully open channel, carriers established in the 2G era SP channel system certainly can not satisfy the entire market needs.
Therefore, the Chinese telecom operators in the 3G market to settle down, struggling to break the global 3G predicament edge in profitability, they must be In addition to looking to attract users and profitable killer applications, telecommunications networks and the Internet in the interaction between the business will help telecom operators market, the outbreak of tipping point. Internet after so many years of development, already has a sufficient the contents of the resources, especially WEB2.0 pattern began to develop original content and its core is massed. and telecommunications platforms, and mobile terminals of personal, can help a lot of interaction between the original content. in Telecommunication and the Internet, the process of interaction between the two networks, telecommunications networks can fully assume the work of a small amount of media, information collection.
future operators should also create a channel platform, with particular attention to line the channel construction. IT vendors line channels developed, but lower gross profit margin, while the operator's lack of offline channels, but a high profit margin products, which will have great room for cooperation between the two and possible.
to the recommendations of the domestic mobile operators
technical cooperation is not only a vendor, SP challenges, but also the challenges for operators, operators of the technology according to their ability to grasp the depth of technical cooperation in the context of the control; improve the product, the business license of funds in circulation flow, logistics, information design and management capabilities, which affects not only the effect of marketing activities, also affects the stability of cooperation in industrial camps; to market segmentation and consumer behavior research-based, design competitive strategies, end subsidies, content services, bundled offers and other marketing charges; according to the target market size and value of end products to decide whether the use of custom or semi-custom segment cooperation to attract and end-users; use of social marketing mix channels, while also based on business the market value into consideration the proportion of tariff design and designed to mobilize and protect the enthusiasm of the channel.
terminal manufacturers expand the telecommunications equipment and handset manufacturers must constantly adjust the pace to meet the 3G era.
as the world's largest number of mobile phone users, but also may be the largest number of mobile phone brands in China, like Longshehunza the big stage, all the time have played a variety of tragicomedy.
Not long ago, to enter the Chinese mobile phone market after Mitsubishi's struggling a full 5 years, following the NEC, Toshiba, Panasonic and other compatriots, finally forced to make a withdrawal decision. yet Kyocera to stay in China, and its days are not much better.
If the Japanese mobile phone, at least in the local market also has an absolute advantage, market share has been declining compared to the domestic mobile phone that also failed to do even to. In addition to this unexpected association of green, domestic mobile phone this endless delay out of the frozen winter.
in such despair, many companies hope 3G, seems to have reason to believe that China-made 3G mobile phone licensing is the execution of the amnesty before the fall from the sky, and perhaps also to direct usher in the long-awaited spring.
However, in addition to domestic mobile phone manufacturers ZTE and Huawei, Datang and other 3G technologies in the accumulation of relatively mature, and frequently in the international 3G market gains, the vast majority of domestic mobile phone manufacturers in the face of the upcoming 3G is still a blank, lost their sense.
Who can live who can not live, but rather nest eggs will survive For what? > in the 3G era is coming, in order to expand market share, the need for new technology research and development, a lot of money,
R & D and marketing experience for the mobile phone is not rich in second-tier handset manufacturers, 3G era is not a play expensive from the event. Facts have proved that only the mobile phone manufacturers seize market segments, is it possible to break the fierce price competition.
tier manufacturers will have to re-locate their own. Right now, the international mobile phone manufacturers to do is re-positioning 3G phones. If the 3G mobile phone Nokia mobile business solutions targeting the core of Motorola's 3G phones as a manufacturer's recommendations
operators involved in the terminal phase-end sales channels and the trend is increasingly clear channel shuffling. and the ability to work closely with operators, handset manufacturers will be one of the key factors in winning; strengthen SP, PC co-operation prominent end products in the data services and applications on the Features, the factory owners and operators to strengthen an important means; in 2.5G, 3G era, the channel structure due to the diversification of market segments and user changes, the retail channel The role of the interface as a service will become increasingly apparent. in the carrier channels of influence to increase while maintaining the right to speak on the channel and influence of the terminal manufacturers should be the focus of attention; terminal manufacturers according to their brand strength, channel power and the product competitive market segments, select the point with the cooperation of operators is essential. cooperation is not dependent on its own can not provide the value of lost cooperation. On the contrary, how to get more from the cooperation for development is the cooperation base and cooperation issues of goal setting.
instigated 3G industry chain
3G brings not only the evolution of technology and services to the rich, more importantly, industry structure and changing rules of the game. In a time upcoming 3G era , how to build a strong industrial chain, and instigated the competition between the industrial chain is facing the new challenges of interest groups.
which, operators integrated industry chain structure determines the ability of the ecosystem development of the state of 3G services. commercial value of the 3G industry, reflected in more areas than traditional voice services, so operators in the value creation process is not merely a leader, it is nurture, create and promote the development and evolution of the entire ecosystem power. The commercial value of the entire ecosystem is created by all sectors of industry, and more is reflected in the overall ecological value creation capacity of the system.
we all know, in the 2G era, the production by mobile terminal manufacturers and sales through agents channels. because the business operators to provide voice-based, end-all be able to meet this simple, operators only hosts a variety of mobile communication services wireless communications network.
but in the 3G era, the situation has great changes in .3 G mobile data services value chain operations is complicated, forcing telecom operators to change the traditional reliance on selling , which triggered a series of profound changes.
First of all, 3G data services and mobile terminals to support the promotion is closely related to the promotion based on business requirements of operators need to achieve a custom handset.
Second, the custom terminal provided that the operator purchases (at least in part) the terminal, and then sell part of the terminal involved.
Finally, 3G mobile data service is not provided by the carriers developed an independent and, therefore, operators must establish contact with the content providers . This requires that operators begin to think from the content, the feeling from the end user to decide how to develop 3G services, namely, to provide end to end service chain to have a superb management skills.
3G era, mobile phone retail capacity become important carriers core competence, the mobile phone market rules of the game because of the involvement of mobile operators to change. This will strengthen the chain of operators leading role of industry, operators will be vertical integration of industrial chain, ie before integration of mobile phone sales, after the integration of mobile phone development and production, the industry's production and sales model will change.
mobile data customer experience is the essence of the business, ordinary consumers do not care about technology, only concerned with the value of what mobile phones can What to do with, what function, what can bring the fun, this is the most important.
the perfect customer experience is an essential prerequisite for close contact with consumers face to face. Only in this way order to effectively understand how to satisfy consumer demand and to study it. the best understanding of consumer needs and market changes is undoubtedly the sales channels, control of the channel will control the whole industry chain and consumer access to the main interface. Therefore, the mobile phone operator intervention Sales for full understanding of consumer needs, thereby integrating all resources industry chain to provide consumers with more and better services.
in the 2G era, and the creation operators alone most of the market value of the exclusive mode subversion, although operators can still get most of the market value of the returns, but a considerable part of the interest will be assigned to the content developers, service providers, distribution channels and other areas. With the breakdown of industrial division of labor, the new industry links breeding, the extension of the value chain of mutual dependence and the enhancement of links, 3G economic benefits of ecosystem distribution mechanism will also be reconstructed accordingly.
link to one: 3G in China since 2006, the process of
Currently, Third generation mobile communication standards are three, namely W-CDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA. Most of the world's 3G network uses the first two standards, TD-SCDMA to October 2006 have not yet entered the commercial, but the Chinese government has approved this standard. This is not only the Chinese mobile communications standard in the future planning of the world have a big say, sales of domestic products will also benefit the business, because they no longer need to pay royalties, Chinese manufacturers need to provide services for domestic users the scale of profits can be obtained.
2006 年 1 20 January, the Ministry of Information Industry released the standard TD-SCDMA communications industry, this makes the process of commercialization of TD-SCDMA an important step forward.
2006 In March, the Chinese edition of concern 3G standard TD-SCDMA has finally finalized the size of the test program, China Telecom in Baoding, China Mobile in Xiamen, China Netcom in Qingdao construction network. TD-SCDMA test program to finalize the size also means the world's first TD-SCDMA commercial operating license in the above three operators will be born.
2006 年 5 月初, TD League's first expansion in 2006, is the fourth installment of the establishment of a new member to join, expansion enterprises from the three areas: equipment, instrument type, smart antenna and RF chip type class. new members, expand the breadth and depth of mutual cooperation, to promote the TD-SCDMA commercial process.
2006 年 8 29 May, the National Development and Reform Commission under the auspices of both China and South Korea formally signed an agreement on promoting cooperation in TD-SCDMA project memorandum of understanding. Subsequently, a number of multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturers have added or increased their stand TD -SCDMA R & D efforts and investment.
2006 年 11 月, TD-SCDMA test phase into the Telephone Number of scale, in Beijing, Baoding, Qingdao, Xiamen and other four cities. operators have begun to small-scale user friendly Telephone Number to conduct pre-commercial, which marks the commercialization of TD-SCDMA to the crucial step taken.
2006 年 12 5 February, Minister of Information Industry Wang Xudong position, China will issue 3G licenses soon, and are confident 2008 to provide 3G services before Olympic Games, China will follow WTO commitments, according to market demand by enterprises to choose the 3G standard.
2007 年 1 17, lTD soft landing r: 3G, restructuring will be delayed? The Chinese government will not be issued TD license, instead of using the first cities in the 8-9 test network set up Currently there are two major bottlenecks TD: First, the industrial chain is relatively weak, not large-scale commercial; Second, the current international and Chinese market is still demand for voice services, demand for data services has not been up. In addition, the UBS China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Netcom recombination between carriers also analyzed.
but in the author a number of domestic mobile phone production enterprises, multinational giants China Mobile and some telecommunications experts concerned to communicate, We pointed out that 3G is still the trend is unstoppable, some mobile phone manufacturers has begun scheduling, scheduling cycle of 6 months, that is from July to August 2007, the market size of 3G handsets will.
Link II: mobile terminals and Analysis of the middle software vendors
text / Sea of
Yu
handset hardware manufacturers in the mobile terminals, the United States occupies a leading position, mainly reflected in the concept, design and manufacture of the chip, and its overall design and integration ability and no one can, leader of Motorola.
Nokia is able to become the boss of the mobile phone industry, mainly for mobile phones from Nokia and market understanding, rather than technology leadership.
Korean series adhering to the Japanese mobile phone fine workmanship and fast-changing, beautiful and practical style, but almost do not own the key technologies.
Japanese mobile phone, the domestic mobile phone market with the reasons for rationing, the case in the absence of market pressures into it has not weaned the Japanese mobile phone manufacturers in the world mobile phone market, the competitiveness of the worth mentioning, the Japanese mobile phone from the 2006 mass as evidenced by the defeat of the Chinese market.
Chinese mobile phone makers, in fact only a shell, almost have no real R & D capability of their own, the program is to design the company designs, the hardware is bought, the production is produced by the OEM factory, so the mobile phone manufacturers in China, only the brand and sales channels are dominant.
ResearchInChina Center Research shows that mobile phone manufacturers in the production of four levels, the first level is the OEM production or assembly (SKD or CKD); the second level of production is the design level; third level of production is the module level and the hardware platform level; the fourth level of production is the chip-level production, the global mobile phone manufacturers have this capability is only 10 or so. Most of the domestic brands still in the first or second level level.

phone software software analysis between main mobile phone operating systems and browsers, operating systems, mainly:
Microsoft wince: the shortcomings of Windows onto the phone easily cause a system crash, the price expensive. as follows Microsoft's operating system interface, and computer interface and operation are very close on a Windows system, is very familiar for users to get started.
Symbian OS: is actually a 32-bit operating system, Symbian OS has a multi-tasking, multi-threaded, low-power, low memory footprint, etc., is very suitable for mobile communication devices. Today, Symbian smart phone operating system has captured the world's smart phone market share of more than 80%.
Linux: inadequate security, performance, low price of open source is mainly low to attract mobile phone manufacturers to use.
Palm OS: Palm OS handheld computers using the volume usually more compact products. In addition, Palm handheld battery time is usually longer.
in the mobile browser, the main competitors are Japan's ACCESS Access, NF series browsers, Opera series Norway's Opera browser, ACCESS is the boss of mobile phone browser, Opera occupies the second position. browser is currently no uniform model, there is no uniform technical standards, nor the fact that the standard can cause a strong brand.
mobile Internet browsing no more than two ways: First, Web site content to meet the handheld devices. that is tailored specifically for the mobile phone WAP site, but it is difficult to be compared and the Internet, can not meet the needs of Internet users. say the least, even if that can carry multimedia content, mobile Internet and to meet Also a mini the browser will become the future development direction of mobile wireless Internet access. but mobile browser browsing mode (mobile web display technology) can not meet the needs of mobile Internet users, the technical deficiency is a global awareness of the problem. < br> At present, the browsing patterns of mobile phone research and development status are basically two: one is the first browser to read the Web page itself, information, and then re-typesetting, the Web page's content into the page layout is similar to convenience Wap mobile phone users to browse; the other is the way through the zoom display order in the small display screen on the whole or part of the Web page, but will have a serious distortion of the results.
mobile browser how to solve the small-screen phone Web page displayed on the big issues? users use the browser, is that the disorder in two actions repeat (cycle), that is, to retrieve content and access ...

We are with you

 We have not Zhouqu in mourning from the time of the recovered, debris flow occurred in Yunnan Province has given us yet another heavy blow. However, the news made us uneasy is that did not stop for several days the heavy rainfall, has experienced the earthquake two years ago, large debris flow, destroyed town facing danger; Mianzhu Qingping recurrent flash floods landslides, roads are cut into the island; Longchi rainstorm caused the river rise, Hongkou, Dujiangyan city flooded; Chongzhou bridge washed away, missing people and vehicles on the bridge hh worried, sad, sad news again and again to stimulate our minds, the impact of a second line of defense in our hearts!
all parts of the disaster continue to watch now and then I thought of the day in the preceding paragraph, I also had the privilege to Sichuan, was invited to commemorate the anniversary earthquake filming public service MV br> This two photos that I shot in Sichuan, large earthquake, everyone is sad, sad, bitter! this time, no amount of words can not describe the grief of our hearts, hh, but I firmly believe that those who have to deal with before the snowstorm, earthquake, flood and other disasters that have accumulated experience, which times our Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhouqu will be able to survive strong! because all our countrymen are together with you! I firmly believe that our Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhouqu after a disaster, certainly can restore the beautiful! Sichuan Come on! Yunnan Come on! Zhouqu Come on! Come on, China!
Finally, we send it to commemorate the first anniversary of earthquake and shot has hit the fellow, we must be strong! because we are with you! believe that even experienced a disaster of baptism .

My heart, and the flame peer

 Participated in the Olympia for the Beijing Olympic Games after taking the activities of the fire, though I soon put a series of work, but I am closely watching every day the progress of the Olympic torch relay.
Seven years ago, my family witnessed with the TV the moment Beijing won the bid. I shed tears of excitement and pride, this feeling does not belong to my own, I am sure. people for any Olympic Games, whether it is in Atlanta, Sydney or Greece, sporting events are expected, are peace and friendship event, some of the countries suffering from war or suffering because of the Olympic Games a truce. However, over the past few days, the Olympic torch relay in London, Paris and San Francisco, some unpleasant experiences, I deeply feel some Western politicians with ulterior motives, and media bias, which is kind-hearted people around the world better for the Beijing Olympics were expected to form a clear.
walking in the streets of America, I often proud of my country, Beijing to Shanghai prosperous and beautiful is not inferior to any city in the United States. with some friends of U.S. business when it was agreed that the stable development of China to the world made a great contribution. to see how much in recent years we have experienced difficulties, SARS, Snow, the avian flu hh but we came through, but also maintained a high economic growth.
walking the streets late at night in Beijing, I deeply appreciate what the peace and prosperity. in the United States occurred in four recent series of school shootings case, the number of dead innocent children of the poor. I do not understand why there are some Western media's recent unrest in Tibet but also applauded, Do they not see the dead were burnt alive on the streets of Lhasa's life? the growth of China's development , they do not like the old days of the so-called sick man of Asia as an equal footing with them, and they are the same worldwide attention. so I wanted to feel very pleased, this shows that China is on the right path of peace, we should continue to firmly go ......< br> beautiful Olympic torch is about to begin her next stop, I will bless her, bless my homeland as tomorrow will be getting better and better as the torch will be blessed with the good to more countries, the people, the Olympic spirit of peace, is to develop, share the good life is.
my heart, and the flame counterparts!

Vice squad lost evening news, you know

 We all know, CBA's busy work, from the criticism, fines to the suspension, weekly work too hard; Basketball Association's work is very fine, banned from the venue, to the introduction of rules, norms live DJ work, to ensure the match order, work together to create a fair and impartial atmosphere CBA League, Basketball really pains. I did not expect, the management of the busy East Coast to the West half of the season, on their own work, supervision of the CBA'd forgot to say.

play in the opening round of the league before, Bayi, Beijing and Shandong breakdown of seven to nine, it should be said that the three teams is the Shanghai team's biggest rival. Fujian last night of a war, the aim at the big red shark eight, the importance of the self-evident. I did not expect, more to the key events, in the referee's arrangements, the CBA is not down to avoid the more virtuous kissed. Referee Song Yanping, Wang Xiaochun, First Deputy CD, come in both Shanghai and Fujian, Shandong referee whistled for the war, presumably the two set is equipped with special skills, Untouchables, to the many stand out.

war last night, Shanghai and Fujian, but also with technical representatives of Liu Jianhua Hua Germany roots. Previous home in Shanghai and Liaoning's post-match press conference, Liu Jianhua is interrupted halfway, was the Hua Germany's tough response. Laodeng phrase

may be in order to better demonstrate fairness, impartiality, and Liu Jianhua Hua Germany Basketball Association gave an opportunity to be together in the game. Result, the Overtime, when the value of referee in protest did not make a penalty after Laodeng, Liu Jianhua got sentenced to indicate its technical foul, two free throws then threw other teams ahead of the Shanghai sentenced to death. After the match, Liu Jianhua has a reporter with the Shanghai team squad altercation, and to block their participation in the conference.

again entrusted with the task of key events, although Liu Jianhua Basketball Association has given full trust, can be the technical representative, does not seem clear how the scope of their duties. Basketball Competition in accordance with the provisions enacted in the technical representative of the job duties, and did not allow reporters to attend conference of the powers. In order also clear that the technical representative except under special circumstances, but not to publish any form of expression. Of course, as to what is considered a special case, if no special circumstances, then certainly the ultimate power to interpret the rules or in the development of the Basketball Association of the hands.

referees and technical representatives despite being away a lot of limelight, but the bottom of the rankings before the Fujian team (CBA this season, there is no downgrade), or last night showed a strong desire to win. Fujian team team look at the information security manager has been in charge of August Marin youth team players and Yang Yang Qin Geng Lin is Jiujiang August ... ... the outbreak of the Fujian team, coupled with the virtuous Basketball Association does not avoid pro, Shanghai Men's Basketball that defeat is not injustice.

(This article Source: Liberation Network - Evening News Analysis: Ni Weijia)

Transposition of life to experience a series of reports elsewhere

 Hawker said the other difficult urban management transposition slowly into the state of urban management
Brother Sun
business bleak, I do not know what to do
the day, no money, lost a lot of
chased down every team need to prepare their own dinner do not trust
Xiao Zhao booth, taking advantage of urban management and team members to eat, sneak back to the booth the first day care business

wear uniform although it is chased, and can still not abandon the idea of a businessman
hard day of Xiao Zhao, fell asleep while on duty
Current theme: urban management and urban management vendors
transposition, it seems natural to hawker is the antithesis of urban management is also criticism mostly due to this. It was suggested that the unprecedented crisis facing urban management, urban management to enter this particular sector of the troubled! urban management and vendors and the Another reason? to make between them have more communication and understanding, we think of the roles are reversed. look forward to, carried out in a reciprocal exchange of communication, find the root of the problem.
transposition sites : Guilin Road shopping district. This is one of Changchun City, the three major shopping district, the commodity-based economy. fragmented business model, so that a hawker's paradise Guilin Road, but also means that, here is where the most troublesome urban management. < br> As a result, a forces transferred to civilian management of Chaoyang District, Changchun City Battalion Chief Law Enforcement Bureau of Guilin, Guilin Road, the brigade responsible for the inspectors within the 2.19 square kilometers near the work. because there is no holiday, Monkey 10-year-old son only in the boarding school. His radio screen suggested language is: serve the people. He will replace the mobile hawker Xiao Zhao, Guilin Road sold in three days of fruit.
experience of tens of thousands of objects external vendors
save a few hundred a month to experience the object of
Monkey Xiao Zhao Guilin Road hawkers. Xiao Zhao, 28, home in the countryside, and the colt into the city after work to get to know, to get married. husband and wife used to sell fruit for three years, to support four elderly people. A while ago, mother inpatient surgery, the number of Xiao Zhao May not the share of foreign debt owed tens of thousands. daughter is 7 years old, no time to take care of, on the Jiutai father home, thus reducing the cost of her daughter. Xiao Zhao greatest wish is to let children into the city school, will save money, to open a fruit store. now five or six hundred thousand a month revenue probably be 450 yuan per month for rent and utility costs, daily expenses, have more than one thousand yuan, to the end of the year she saved a few thousand dollars can also Chinese New Year money. Another thing to dereliction of duty of the urban management
Reporter: Why do not you think the City Administration work to do?
Monkey: People do not understand, does not endorse.
Reporter: true to enter the work state, what does it feel?
Monkey: worse than you think, there is no normal working day, fourteen day's work five hours, and no rest days. to see someone criticize the uniform.
Reporter: Do you need to do three days of vendors, in-depth his life has prepared you?
Monkey: This role is very contradictory to me. If I can not sell, hawkers lose out; I sold out, we chased the other players on the negligence of the hh
experience before. hawkers
urban management will become points, Xiao Zhao and other vendors fight for a taxi to the purchase of 78 lines wholesale fruit market. the thought of city management Saturday, May 2)
one day earn 300? at most earn 30
Monkey's new position mm Xiao Zhao Guilin Road hawker stalls and fruit pony lover, Guilin Road market in the door, without any license. < br> feel this life the first time that I am sorry
9 am, people began to rise, Xiao Zhao and the Monkey on the stands and put out. Monkey embarrassed: never dreamed this could become a fruit seller hawkers, stall or life first time.
Xiao Zhao's this bit of belongings to the Monkey, and although there are pony care of, you can still feel uneasy Monkey: Do not mess with the business of the Xiao Zhao !
embarrassing Hawker teach him meter-wide wooden pallets, the following is connected with tape foam box, very lightweight. Xiao Zhao said that hawkers are near each other, far from aiming children see the impact of urban management, to inform each other, picked up the tray, foam box runs, drilling market, a small alley.
the price for opening old Sun. He said he was very contradictory, one is: so placed, players take to the positive income; the second is: your here, do not trouble, right?
business came up and loaded Monkey good cherry, looked half-Libra, he shouted: Cherry.
Cherry opened the next who is bought?
opened an hour, clutching old Sun, 84 dollars. Otherwise when the water litchi, bayberry should be placed on ice, Cherry must not touch water, you can not touch the ice, otherwise Black; cherries to be placed, a bright red to attract customers.
! usually deal to buy steamed buns, two dollars, if busy to eat. Monkey no way, eat lunch out.
new city management Pony know, this is hawker to dip fine. am here to have spread: urban management has to set up a stall! Some people say that this is urban management laid off. to hear so many say, the colt is not making a sound, Monkey also not explained, and the streets are more curious.
afterwards earn 300 a day? at most earn more money in the hands of 30
, Monkey can not help but a few of the times, a 300 yuan. Today's income, urban management and high-income than hawkers ah! .
afternoon, received a soft old Sun, 50 yuan, of! the end of the day was.
feelings.
afraid of fear is not easy for the business smashed hawkers
Hawker's bottom line to test the waters.
? Lychee been taken away for three days to sell the white dry
children worry about the money you fruit?
less than 9 points, Monkey and raise stall Xiao Zhao, Xiao Zhao's daughter had finished Children should go to grandma house , the colt could not bear children, many stay for a while. Soon, the colt came, holding a number of convenient bags, put some fruit, ready to take his daughter. day's income to the girl to eat! ; ordinary day, if seen to be chased, fruit withheld, this loss is big, slow enough for a good few days! the waist of the woman. Sun Gang to get up, sat down again: I have a Hawker, which I do not under control.
10 minutes later, two urban management and over, and down saying something with the old lady, old lady did not move. Later, two urban management told the Monkey, the old lady back at them saying: Do not you speak out loud, I have a heart attack!
Zhao laughed: ten times asking about the price, put price tag old Sun to give fruit. may be second thoughts, hawking is guerilla warfare, these things too complicated.
doing good business selling only 37 dollars for a morning. must be the golden period ah! The couple had to rent an apartment, mother is also sick; re Excluding the proceeds rotten fruit, litchi customers enjoy a four or five cents hh
Monkey is some insight: When you sell something, buy something you think is the gift of the ; vendors prefer to be closing some administration costs, but also wore down the scalp to sell.
accident were withheld for three days spread over the white lychee Stem
14, the radio came the message, mobile brigade to come to law enforcement. Monkey first part of the goods into hiding. Soon, urban management and the van over, the hawker selling seeds Lianqi bags and ran, Monkey fruit stand to the market quickly ran away.
car chased away, Monkey again fruit laid out. Monkey looked up, urban management has emerged, the previous sentence have not used for the lines, litchi share was withheld, old Sun had to pay out a tray of litchi. Xiao Zhao anxious, and a hundred dollars so no more money , toss a white three days.
What does this sentence hh
feelings. guess how the city will

not chased Xiao Zhao finishing the morning fruit, rotten fruit thrown into the aisle, sanitation workers pick up a few times one day. are hawkers, street sanitation workers have to stop over, shopping malls and you get in the door! Lightbox will quickly grow, full of banners, to walk to meet; construction debris piled everywhere; illegal buildings extended to the street, full of morning and barbecue, how people go to bed? summer how windows? sooner or later the market cries, so that Examination of how children break hh
the third day (June 4th Monday)
hawkers really hard but had to pipe
last day of the old Sun weakened the enthusiasm of many a fruit. little value it, and also many selling points, like yesterday, My son! know what's hit it. It took only 5 yuan. , the old Sun no movement, and this income is not as good as day one.
Monkey and journalists to discuss: We order the city clean, wrong? hawkers right to life ah. hawkers is not easy, but we do not easy, who is even more difficult? have to fight this thing up?
Reporter: Do you feel a hawker's difficult to be able to and clean, full of hawkers, I am not qualified urban management team, unable to cross.
Reporter: What law enforcement experience on the future help you?
Monkey: I want to say on behalf of all the inspectors: We do not all think like that and want to hawker not coming.
feelings. suffering
willing to forget their duties hawker business is good Monkey
role can no longer enter the hawkers, he much suffering. He hoped that Xiao Zhao business better, can be He can not forget duty. He experienced a Xiao Zhao, Xiao Zhao more of this street how to do it? helpless in the end of the third day of the experience.
Monkey summarizes the urban management and vendors in common: both in the open air work, wind and sun; working hours are 14 hours or more, has the feeling of waking up, do not break, are under great pressure hh
reporters after observing
understand how to do?
Experience three days down the old Sun sighed: Hawker is not easy. understand go to understand how urban management and vendors to resolve the conflict?
Monkey said, urban management was not born to brute force, they are neat to maintain the image of the city, clean; vendors say that they are right, wanted to feed their families, put stalls in order to maintain basic survival. So, the ultimate goal of urban management, urban environment in order to clean, or to make something for everyone at all levels? this opposition No winner. So, call urban management crisis Ye Hao, criticized city management Ye Hao, Ye Hao the Survival of sympathetic hawkers, this is not the fundamental problem.
urban management vendors understand the way how to go after? urban management system and operation mechanism of how to improve, to form the city clean and the underlying harmony between the living? This is the public and the authorities need to think about.
intense discussion
city did not design the space
experience hawkers back, Monkey raised several questions, in the brigade in the heated discussion. Captain Lige Ming, deputy head of the Zhao Wei and several players answered.

how to solve the problem of a contradiction between city management and hawkers?
we do not be understood, so willing to understand others. urban management officers do indeed miss something critical voices heard, but we manage the city, this is responsibility. we chased people willing to sacrifice the reputation of this generation, to meet new hope for urban management.
Second, lifting the ban street vendors question how
possible?
combination of urban management should be sparse block, Shanghai and other cities proposed ban street vendors, but this is relative. We believe that none of the vendors agreed to go public People Street selling.
not affect the creation of informal market stalls, the operation can not affect the normal life of residents. In the mind, so that vendors find my own place now, they can not find, or can only find a few places , because the city did not design such a place.
to the three
how not to conflict with urban management vendors?
hope for urban management legislation, not only solve the problem of hawkers, but also to solve the big problem the city full range of management .
the establishment of the whole development process today.
chased fame why not? old Korean saying, urban law enforcement environment, the start is not good, and the tour is the most concentrated expression of the contradiction between business casual traders, urban management under the Hawker's way of getting money, you can not be blamed?
and goods, and impose a fine of 20 yuan. Over the past 22 years, this has been the focus of attention.
Korea in the old view, the urban management often suffer siege, abuse, beatings, it Biequ. The original simple and honest old Han temper too long. to collect things, hawkers prevent, hit up! all vulnerable groups in their innocence. urban management must act according to law enforcement, or that the Chief does not act, their stress in their heart, they are psychologically vulnerable.
Press survey
chased a total of eighty punishment < br> Guilin reporters were asking the way people think .7 10 pedestrians, hawkers in urban management is to grasp; they think that, in addition to grasping hawkers, illegal demolition of the house also; 1 that is less clear. Lige Ming said, focus on urban management vendors only a small portion of the work, not many people know. health management, management of vendors is one of a small part;
Second, the management of urban greening, such as the management of child injury free trees in a tree strap;
Third, management of municipal public facilities, such as management Spraying wild advertising;
Fourth, the environmental management, such as noise management;
Fifth, the management of the construction market.
correspondent reporter Sun Zheng-Wei Miao Ying experience
city inspectors Hawker end in disappointment when the City Administration did not expect such a group 2 Hawker experience

experience who chased Xiao Zhao
28 years old, from Yushu City in rural areas, temporary Changchun City, and his wife living in the Guilin Road to sell fruit.
who Lanfu Li
34 years experience, Jilin Branch of China Construction Bank branch staff, Xi'an Road, Changchun City public inspectors.
content
Xiao Zhao and Lan Fuli experience to the Chaoyang District, Changchun City Urban Administration Bureau of Guilin Brigade for 3 days, the experience of the inspectors of the work and life.

Guilin brigade as early as ground work time: 5:00 ~ 8:00, responsible for managing the region's two early markets mm Branch Rd Morning Market Morning Market and Angangxi Road.
daily work: 8:30 ~ 19:00
area of the squadron in inventory management, management .14, the entire brigade deployed personnel and concentrate on cleaning up the vehicle.
night differential : 19 am ~ 24 pm, focusing on cleaning up open-air barbecue.
addition to routine work, is responsible for a squadron of the South as early as ground Guilin, 5 pm to 19 pm; West and East Guilin Guilin squadron squadron turns out the night differential, 8:30 ~ 21:00, 8:30 ~ 24 hours.
the first day (Saturday, June 2)
difficult to adapt to
hawkers city inspectors report into the uncomfortable
8 when 30 minutes, a small Guilin Zhao and Lan Fuli brigade came to report on time. Xiao Zhao little nervous, one for each player he saw smiles, slightly shy to say hello, he knows every player, all as him.
Captain Lige Ming warmly greeted the two recruits, ; Xiao Zhao is more comfortable, the hand did not know where to put, I do not know what to say, did not look at the eyes of the captain Lee.
urban management is not only control the original Hawker
! clean up non-standard advertising light boxes, management, construction noise at night hh had so many job we do! Dry this job yet. able to get through it? backs one, proudly said: buttons, always feel uncomfortable,
Lanfu Li Guilin squadron was assigned to the work of the East, Xiao Zhao Guilin squadron was assigned to the work of the West.
inspect one of us met at 10 am embarrassed tube
, Xiao Zhao Guilin squadron with the West region in the tube inspection, whether it is a warning, or confiscated, Xiao Zhao has dawdled behind places with the other players.
squadron leader Wang Haibin ridicule the sentence: fast? I can catch up with you! vendors selling cherries, Xiao Zhao hesitated, but also to catch up to, he could run very fast.
Xiao Zhao Why hesitate? lose money. Guilin Hutong inspection, the case of a spillover of goods to be warned. Lanfu Li said with a smile:
scolded city management advised him to table. photo journalists, face contempt, leaving the sentence: ; this thing often, do not mind, got used to like it! City Administration has bullied
, several players face torsional elsewhere.
Xiao Zhao did not his usual smile, silence.
said.
asked Xiao Zhao, ? > people say bad management is also addressing the underlying exhausted
that reporters were taking pictures, an old man said, is wrong! Hawker is a last resort hh all around the wall in a very beautiful, does not affect the city, why do not we think of ways to do this? poor urban management is not good when the hawker's wife began to pipe
not agree with Xiao Zhao Xiao Zhao experience, though, for your own business in urban management Monkey, Xiao Zhao still do not trust. In the morning, Xiao Zhao must have the goods to play to help his wife good management. So we canceled the early Qin Xiao Zhao.
early 5, law enforcement car south of Guilin in the gay squadron Branch Park Street intersection, many elderly people wandering on the road carrying food. Some traders selling vegetables Cook back the body, watching the movements of urban management.
5 时 20 points, the second circle Lanfu Li inspections, he is still very moderate tone of law enforcement, the effect is of course not good, his third inspection, many traders do not buy it, ; do not fear him, and he did not collect things hh ? robber hh quickly submerged in a loud accusations of over soon. thanks to squadron leader Han Naiyu come forward, to his br> dilemma
10 law enforcement encountered an acquaintance, the Xiao Zhao players with law enforcement, punishment of a flow of fruit in the car, Xiao Zhao and other members of the same symbolic confiscated two watermelons, ? Look squadron leader, traders see his dilemma, the hh circle, about 20 km, tired calf pain. Which checks are down to come down, have repeatedly possession. Lan Fuli answer in, vehicle fuel costs 900 yuan per month, where all drive, oil money will be seriously overweight. burns, accidents to be calm. ? ; This is not to scare people, since 2001, each brigade has a team of Guilin has been severely beaten. , drawn in the wrist, at the time was a 10 cm long blood line, 1 cm deep hh and playing ordinary people nothing different, labeled as serious injury is enough punishment. sins we own subject, or care for the good. telephone, said that mother was sick, he quit the night differential.
the third day (Monday, June 4)
chased hard but I have to play the , mother to spend tens of thousands of residential blocks, all his money out. said he knows the difficulties of urban management has chased, small traders a little bad management. but he also has its own difficulties, the two elderly people, a small home, the pressure is on his shoulders, however, with the urban management guerrilla the operation of mobile vendors, and only sparse block combination to effectively manage, has no following.
br> experience of those who boxes of fruit. law enforcement vehicles drive directly to a warehouse near the former Institute of the Arts. The door opened, out of an rotten taste, pour donkey, steelyard, there are two or three box light box hh fruits and vegetables, and some have been confiscated hh decay items. I do not know is distressed that rotten fruit, or correct a long-held misconception.
urban management and cooking experience are also shopping
15:30 the next day, Zang Kun going to market to buy food to make team dinner. market, Zang Kun bought 6 pounds potatoes.
? right? team is right, right? King team. smiled.
most anxious to the number of unmarried young man, no time for a date! ; voice hardly ever, a few people laughed together.
experts say urban management problems to solve human-
just got used to the original accusations of urban management, do not want to, urban management and players have a lot to grievances. urban management, to perform management responsibilities, small traders have to eat, so constantly put on the how? crack paid into the director said.
hawkers and urban management and conflict into a source of
pay analysis,